Category: BLOG

In 2023, after two years of construction, the new BORA flagship store opened in Herford, Germany: a building that looks as if the wind itself had shaped it. This impressive building with a total area of 2,000 m² offers space for state-of-the-art kitchen exhibitions, professional training, a restaurant, and events. Der Dlubal-Kunde Werkraum Ingenieure ZT war verantwortlich für die statische Berechnung dieser besonderen Stahl-Beton-Konstruktion mit der markanten Fassade aus Metall und Glas. Werkraum nutzte dabei RFEM für die Bemessung des oberirdischen Stahltragwerkes sowie der unterirdischen Stahlbetonbauteile. Zudem wurden dynamische Analysen durchgeführt. Die Stahlkonstruktion hat mit ca. 95 m Länge, 33 m Breite und 14 m Höhe beeindruckende Dimensionen. Bereits von außen zieht der Neubau alle Blicke auf sich. Die Kombination aus verzinkten und unterschiedlich perforierten Stahlteilen mit eingefärbten Glaselementen sorgt mit der auskragenden Bauweise für den Effekt, als würde das gesamte Gebäude schweben. Diese dynamische Struktur integriert sich mühelos in die Umgebung. Unterhalb dieses 100 m langen auskragenden Baus befindet sich der witterungsgeschützte Parkplatz. Auf einer Höhe von 13,5 m bietet das Dach des Flügels aus Glas und Metall eine weitere Besonderheit. Hier sorgen zwei Schiebedächer von 63 m² Fläche für eine helle einladende Atmosphäre im Innenraum. Nicht nur optisch bietet der BORA Flagshipstore Innovationen, denn mit einem KfW Standard 55 verbraucht es nur etwa 55 % der Energie, verglichen mit einem konventionellen Neubau. Der Neubau des BORA Flagshipstores ist ein sehr besonderes Gebäude, das sich gleichzeitig nahtlos in die Umgebung einfügt und Innovation ausstrahlt. Ein wirklich interessantes Kundenprojekt, bei dem die Software RFEM aus dem Hause Dlubal sowohl für die Fassade als auch die Stahlkonstruktion zum Einsatz kam. Article From: www.dlubal.com

Looking for a way to truly digitise the business and its everyday processes, by using a central information management system to help efficiently control, track and deliver jobs, Wareing Buildings, the UK fabricator of structural steelwork, once again turned to Trimble and its trusted Tekla software portfolio for help. Based in Lancashire, Wareing Buildings offers a complete steel service to its clients, designing, fabricating and installing structural steelwork, in addition to cladding, external façades and timber work. Despite already employing digital technology and BIM within the company at the design stage of a project, including Tekla Structures, Tekla Structural Designer and the cloud-based Trimble Connect, the way Wareing Buildings actually managed its everyday activity, including the processing, tracking and delivery of steel fabrication jobs, remained a largely manual process.   Talking about the decision to digitise the business, Matt Hastwell, Senior Draughtsman at Wareing Buildings, said: "It was clear that a change was needed; in fact, it was something that had been brewing for a number of years. While some areas of the business were already technologically advanced, such as our use of BIM modelling software, the practical, daily running of the business had various inefficiencies, with our teams relying predominantly on a disjointed and traditional paper-based system. We knew that we needed an information management system, through which all of our daily activity, including material ordering, fabrication schedules and deliveries, could be easily processed, managed and accessed." "It was around this point that we heard about Trimble’s launch of Tekla PowerFab. One of the key appeals for us was the software’s usability and simplicity. Unlike Tekla Structures and Tekla Structural Designer, which are only used by the relevant teams, PowerFab, by its very nature, was intended for business-wide use. We have a real mix of people at Wareing Buildings, with some not even owning a smartphone or tablet, and so we needed a software that was user-friendly." "Eight months after installing Tekla PowerFab as an information management system, the benefits have been clear to see. From the moment an order has been placed, everything after that point is now processed and tracked through PowerFab. We use it to manage material ordering and production control, with fabrication and work schedules also then generated using the software." Matt Hastwell, Senior Draughtsman at Wareing Buildings "Now, eight months after installing Tekla PowerFab as an information management system, the benefits have been clear to see. From the moment an order has been placed, everything after that point is now processed and tracked through PowerFab. We use it to manage material ordering and production control, with fabrication and work schedules also then generated using the software. All jobs are issued through the central system and sent to the correct division in our fabrication facility, whether that be steelwork, welding, painting or woodwork. It’s essentially a new central business hub, helping to bring all of our processes, data and information together in one place." In addition to material ordering and fabrication sequences, Wareing Buildings also applies PowerFab to the transport and logistics stage of its workflow, providing real-time information on what load are going on, to where and when. With such a high volume of steel passing through any fabricator’s production facility, there is the real potential for materials to be ‘lost’ along the way, especially if businesses are relying purely on an out-dated paper system. Matt continued: "Component tracking and traceability is a really important feature to us, for it offers complete and comprehensive levels of visibility - both internally and externally. As a business, it aids improved levels of communication and coordination between teams, for everyone in the company can access the system and immediately see at what stage a particular job is at or view a department’s work schedule for the week. Through the direct link with Tekla Structures, we can even move around a project’s 3D BIM model, click on any steel section and be provided with an up-to-date job status. All of our teams have access to PowerFab through a smart device, meaning that they can simply log once they have completed a job and the component’s status is then automatically updated." "By comparison, before we introduced PowerFab into the business, if we needed to know the current status of a job, it would involve us having to physically walk around our site and speak to each team individually. Understandably, this could take up a significant portion of our day – time that could be better spent elsewhere." As well as enhanced visibility internally, Wareing Buildings is also able to pass this benefit on to its customers and clients, helping to build stronger relationships and deliver an added value service, as Matt explained further: "Through Trimble Connect, a cloud-based platform that acts as a central BIM hub, our customers can log in and access the relevant PowerFab data for their project. Providing complete transparency, customers are able to see the current status of their fabrication job, receive updates and know when they can expect to receive the finished steel on site. In turn, this helps to build trust, providing them with added confidence in us as a business and also the assurance that the job will be fulfilled as promised." Wareing Buildings has also pushed PowerFab’s capabilities further, demonstrating the software’s flexibility and ability to adapt to a company’s individual requirements. One example is the use of PowerFab as a reporting tool. "Again, this is a real time saver for us, explained Matt. It enables us to use the data already stored within the central system to automatically generate reports or information that would otherwise take up a significant portion of our time to produce manually. For example, we have an automatic accountancy report scheduled weekly, which details every item that’s come in that week, what it cost, the status of the job and what needs to be paid, meaning that our accounts department no longer have to manually sort through invoices and material order lists." "We also have a weekly forecast report, which automatically provides us with a status of every current job and even generates a view of the following week’s production schedule, enabling us to plan accordingly and ensure continued high levels of efficiency." Talking about the benefits that Wareing Buildings has experienced since digitising its workflow with PowerFab, Matt said: "Even going beyond the improved visibility, traceability and efficiency levels, which are definitely the main advantages, there has also been other, more unexpected, benefits. For us, it has opened up lots of doors for small improvements within the business, areas that we may not have noticed or even been aware of previously. For example, we have recently added various quality control and inspection points within our welding, loading and painting departments, where team members will use PowerFab to monitor and record certain conditions throughout their workflow and a report will then be generated. Through this, we have been able to identify various areas needing improvement, make slight modifications to our processes, such as changing the way we dry our painted steel and even the paint product we use, and then monitor the results." Eight months on from Wareing Buildings’ installation of the software and the reaction of its staff to PowerFab and the new insight it enables has been overwhelmingly positive. "We knew that this was going to be a big challenge for us, with around 70 employees to get on board with this new, digital way of working," continued Matt. "However, after a phased introduction, the whole business has reacted really positively, enjoying the enhanced visibility, team coordination and the immediate access to productivity, wastage and cost figures that having such a central information management system provides. Through the trackability and monitoring, they have been able to really see their productivity levels and quality of work improve, providing added motivation." Tekla PowerFab forms part of Trimble’s Tekla software portfolio, offering a truly connected and streamlined workflow from initial project planning and design through to fabrication and on-site assembly.     Article from: www.trimble.com

Discover how Kalyon Construction’s streamlined processes minimized errors and shrank the project's carbon footprint, setting new standards for efficiency. Ziraat Towers, the centerpiece of the new Istanbul Financial Center, showcases ways using digital design and collaboration tools improves processes and achieves sustainability goals. • The Ziraat Towers project, part of the new Istanbul Financial Center, was constructed using advanced digital tools, significantly reducing costs and construction time while ensuring technical accuracy and quality. • The complex comprises two glass towers with intricate facades, extensive office and retail spaces, and a cultural and event center, achieving LEED Platinum certification through sustainable practices and materials. • Kalyon Construction used digital tools to facilitate collaboration, minimize errors, and optimize processes, helping manage complexity, reduce the carbon footprint, and improve future project efficiency. Istanbul has been a cultural and economic bridge between the East and the West for centuries, and today a new icon is rising to continue this legacy. Istanbul Financial Center, a mixed-use project, encompasses 6 million square feet of office space, 1 million square feet of retail space, 750,000 square feet of hotels, and 650,000 square feet of residential development. A 2,000-seat cultural and event center rounds out the complex. Ziraat Towers, the headquarters of Turkey’s largest bank, will be the centerpiece of the new Istanbul Financial Center. The complex comprises two glass towers, one with 40 floors and one with 46 floors, for a total construction area of 430,000 square meters. Towers feature intricate facades, extensive office and retail spaces, and a cultural and event center, achieving LEED Platinum certification through sustainable practices and materials. From the beginning, digital tools have fundamentally shaped the construction process and results of the project. “The success of the Ziraat Towers project was about using the right tools, fostering teamwork and open communication,” says Belgin Çalışkan, BIM manager at Kalyon Construction. “The spirit of collaboration was key to overcoming challenges and delivering a world-class project.” A massive undertaking Completed by Kalyon Construction and designed by the architecture firm KPF, the complex comprises two glass towers atop a shared eight-story podium. This curvilinear glass podium is crossed by multiple bridges that connect the towers. At the ground level, the form of a water-smoothed stone—the auditorium and conference center—is clearly visible through the glass, drawing people into its tactile form. Landscaped gardens and a podium roof garden unite the towers and wrap the campus in green. A complex louvre system running along the entire length of the towers allows for ideal solar heat gain and shading, with a subtle flare outward as towers rise. These forms reference traditional Ottoman calligraphy, combining loping curves and punctuated verticality. Aligning goals with digital tools Parametric modeling was used to generate 9,420 unique glass panel forms. Image courtesy of Kaylon Construction. To manage this complex project, Kalyon Construction used digital tools, including Autodesk Revit, Navisworks, ACC Docs, BIM Collaborate Pro, and Dynamo. Autodesk Construction Cloud facilitated seamless communication among all project stakeholders, ensuring simultaneous access to accurate data for everyone involved. Consequently, the risk of information and document clutter, particularly in such a vast construction area, was effectively eliminated. The coordination of approximately 40 subcontractors and stakeholders was efficiently managed using 3D Revit and Navisworks files, with the shop drawings created from Revit files. With the flowing, curvilinear facade, each glass panel was unique, and Kalyon needed parametric modeling tools to generate each form and fit it into the plan. Dynamo was used to generate 9,420 panels of varying sizes and a project-specific 18,840 square-meter curtain wall construction model. This process accelerated the production time of 3D models and shop drawings by 25% compared to the traditional method. “Dynamo provided significant optimizations in processes, such as generating 11,500 shop drawings and creating the facade fabrication model,” Çalışkan says. This automation helped the team easily adapt variables throughout the design process and minimize errors, reducing production time during the construction phase. As a result, building information modeling (BIM) streamlined workflows and reduced costs while shrinking the project timeline by two months. Operations, LEED, and simulation Ziraat Towers earned LEED Platinum certification, thanks in part to incorporating recycled materials, harnessing natural daylight, and lowering solar heat gain with Solar-E glass. Image courtesy of Kaylon Construction. Kalyon and the construction team used Autodesk Revit for 3D modeling and developing a digital twin. “The models of all disciplines created during the construction phase served as an important guide to ensure that construction was aligned with the design and implementation processes,” she says. “These models guaranteed the technical accuracy and quality standards of the building; they will facilitate a smooth and planned transition to the operational phase.” Throughout, these digital tools were used to minimize the carbon footprint of this massive new project, which helped the team meet their goal of attaining LEED Platinum certification. Materials made with recycled content were a top priority, as was selecting materials with low VOCs and other environmental product specifications that prioritize user health. Energy-efficient LED lighting systems were selected, and lighting automation keeps the lights off whenever possible. A daylight analysis was conducted to model how natural daylight enters the interior. Solar-E glass, which lowers solar heat gain, was used throughout the building. Furnishing measures, such as curtains and blinds, were implemented in areas with high glare. Additionally, “viewing 25,000 drawings in the cloud environment on mobile devices in the field resulted in a significant reduction in paper usage,” Çalışkan says. In addition to creating digital models of the Ziraat Towers, the construction team simulated the construction process with the models and created a plan to share real-time data and schedule critical tasks to run in parallel. “This integration enabled tracking of completed and delayed tasks, identification of critical activities, and the development of a more realistic and effective plan by monitoring planned quantities of materials and the work schedule,” Çalışkan explains. “This full suite of digital design and construction tools plays an active role in improving processes while remaining integrated into the way Kalyon works,” Çalışkan says. “These updates aim to make system setup faster and more efficient for future projects and ensure easier adaptation to challenging phases. The approach allows for faster and more consistent modeling processes in other projects, providing time savings through reusability. The lessons learned from this project will be used to optimize processes for more effective monitoring and management of project.   Article From: www.autodesk.com

Whether it is a stadium, hospital, luxury resort, residential, or infrastructure project, BEXEL Manager has been used to plan, track and control projects by investors around the world. Its high level of automatization using customizable templates, knowledge transfer through the template database, as well as a streamlined analyses update process with project changes, reinforces control in all stages of the project. A BIM model with accurate information and a data layer is crucial for valuable and trustworthy analysis throughout all project stages. Regular automated data checks in BEXEL Manager verify and control the information layer, adding value to the designer`s output, and providing high-quality, data-rich BIM models ready for further analyses. American Institute of Architects and Association of General Contractors estimate clashes encountered on construction sites to have an average cost of 1500$ per instance. Preventing on-site collisions and rework, and enabling a smooth construction process, is saving time and resources and reducing costs. BEXEL Manager`s algorithm for clash detection and reporting dashboards creates a streamlined way toward clash-free project documentation. An accurate bill of quantities and smooth collaboration and communication between project participants provide a precise project budget, even in the early project stages. BEXEL Manager integrates the investor`s cost base and generates a detailed and structured budget, enabling budget analytics grouped by various criteria. With the data-rich 4D/5D construction schedule defined, BEXEL Manager takes it a step further with cash flow analysis (i.e., “S Curve” or cost diagrams). This allows the investor to reduce waste, recognize and capture best practices and increase profit margins. Automated resource analyses within BEXEL Manager, give way for precise procurement plans and timely mechanization engagement, mitigating delays or bottlenecks and saving on storage and transport. Using the full potential of the 4D/5D BIM model, data-rich construction schedules including cost and quantities for each task are generated and optimized in BEXEL Manager, providing detailed construction planning, eliminating unnecessary tasks, and ensuring there are no omitted activities. Connections of the construction schedule and BIM model elements within BEXEL Manager, provide instant construction simulations and give foresight in the construction of the project. Time-location conflicts are easily resolved using a line-of-balance diagram. This provides control and the possibility to impose work norms and reduce rework and optimize time and material expenses. BIM-based progress tracking provides extensive analytics, allowing timely actions and decisions, through regular automated updates of the construction plan with every progress input and revision accordingly. All these streamlined processes enable the generation of regular payment certificates, based on quantities of exact executed elements in the BIM model, providing clarity to both sides, and reducing claims and disputes. Within the BEXEL Manager, as-built documentation can be linked to BIM model elements, and regularly checked if it is complete. Adding the Facility management dimension to an integrated environment, BEXEL Manager helps investors and facility managers improve the process of long-term maintenance planning and monitoring of the operational phase. Using the synergy of BEXEL Manager`s integrated BIM and Portfolio Manager cloud-based reporting engine, top management gets clear insight into project key performance indicators, on a portfolio level. In the AEC industry, the BIM environment has become the widespread solution for investors to have full insight throughout a project`s lifecycle. However, with so many different software for different BIM analyses out there, a single platform, as a single source of truth has proved itself indispensable. According to the World economic forum’s Future of construction survey integrated BIM is seen as a new technology that will most likely have the highest impact on the AEC industry. BEXEL Manager offers a variety of optimization and productivity improvements throughout the entire project lifecycle, therefore engaging all project stakeholders in the BIM process. One of the BCG`s researches shows that by 2025, full-scale digitalization of construction projects will lead to annual cost savings of 13% to 21% in the design, engineering, and construction while 10% – 17% in the operational phase. Article From: www.bexelmanager.com

“We used Tekla as it was the ideal choice that provided numerous benefits throughout our BIM process – from precise and flexible rebar detailing, creating and managing 3D models, to vastly improved collaboration throughout the entire construction workflow.”– Ho Van Thao, Project Director, Coteccons Established in 2004, Coteccons is one of Vietnam’s largest contractors specializing in sustainable design & build services. Having implemented BIM in 2015, the company went on to win third prize in the 2016 Tekla Asia BIM Awards for their Gold View project. This spurred the company further to establish a team within their BIM department to specialize in applying Tekla solutions for complex buildings, detailing and coordinating precise rebar structures, producing fabrication drawings and creating advanced 3D rebar assembly guides with the model. In 2018, Coteccons achieved another milestone with the Landmark 81 project, taking 2nd place this time around at the 2018 Tekla Asia BIM Awards. This project has proved the clear benefits of BIM, creating new records in BIM application for Coteccons. Vinhomes Landmark 81 - a ground-breaking project Vinhomes Landmark 81 is situated in Tan Cang, Saigon, and represents the city’s new symbol of prosperity. With 81 stories and 3 basement levels, it is the tallest building in Vietnam and South East Asia, as well as the 14th tallest in the world. Designed by British firm Atkins, the design of this skyscraper was inspired by the image of bamboo – the traditional plant symbolizing strength and unity. This project is a mixed-use development, which aside from luxury apartments and residential facilities, features a 5-star hotel, commercial center, cinema, and indoor skating rink.  With a total height of over 461 meters, it is 8 meters taller than Malaysia’s Petronas Twin Towers, which was previously the tallest in South East Asia. Landmark 81 is also ground-breaking in many other aspects. One of which is the distinction of Coteccons being the first local contractor to be awarded a project of this scale, beating other international firms. More impressive is the fact that the project was then completed 45 days ahead of schedule. “Our move to BIM in 2015 and adoption of Tekla solutions has been instrumental in building trust with our customers in delivering large complex projects,” said Ho Van Thao, project director for Coteccons. "Our move to BIM in 2015 and adoption of Tekla solutions has been instrumental in building trust with our customers in delivering large complex projects."Ho Van Thao, Project Director, Coteccons There were many other firsts in the design and build process for Coteccons as well, amongst which, was having to deal with the largest mat footing ever – which required the country’s largest ever concrete pour – covering over 16,000 cubic metres, 8.8 metres in height (at -18 metres from level 1), massive rebar for the top and bottom layers, and H400 bracing systems. This represented a daunting challenge, with Coteccons’ project manager foreseeing clashes of rebar with shoring and the slope of the foundation. However, with the aid of BIM and Tekla, Coteccons was able to effectively spot issues at the early phase and to discuss with the client and consultants to solve clashes, ensuring constructibility was achieved. The end result was remarkable – Landmark 81’s concrete framework was completed a full six weeks ahead of schedule. It was also the first time Coteccons had to work with a composite structure – dense rebar and steel with shear studs and welded couplers. This required complex connections, and Tekla Structures proved an invaluable tool to produce highly detailed 3D models of rebar structures with constructible, coordinated rebar and steel connections. From the Tekla model, they could generate precise fabrication drawings and bar bending schedules (BBS), which helped them to reduce waste at the factory as well as to cut rebar accurately on site. The team also created step-by-step 3D rebar assembly guides for rebar assembly teams, which greatly sped up the assembly process and improved safety. The last challenge for the team was in coming up with an effective method of construction for the super tall structure – particularly for construction equipment such as tower cranes, falling protection, dropping for slabs at over 20 meters soffit height, and the assembly of the spire at the rooftop. As an example, because of the building’s unique design that tapers to the top, at around the 67th floor, the core of the building is too small for the cranes to continue working. This required a solution where a second crane had to be attached to the outside of the building via a console. Throughout, Tekla software was used to simulate each step of the installation, and combine it to real-world schedules in order to recognize the risks and test out many scenarios to aid in seeking out the best solution. Tekla was the ideal choice for the Coteccons’ BIM department, having successfully applied it to their previous award-winning project, the Gold View. As such, the team were confident in its ability to deliver for Landmark 81, especially in the areas of rebar detailing, the ease of creating and managing 3D structural models in both concrete and steel, as well as the clarity it provided in guiding them through the process from concept to fabrication and final construction on site. Tekla Structures further allowed the team’s drafters and engineers to accurately design the structures and all components in 3D, and to generate the required 2D drawings for fabrication and construction purposes.  The software also helped the team to easily manage and get access to accurate, structured building information in the models whenever needed. SketchUp was also used to help simulate 3D models for their method statements. One key area that Coteccons believe was critical to the success of the project was in the highly effective communication ecosystem that involved the BIM team, site management, sub-contractors, and the client. Tekla BIMsight and Trimble Connect played an instrumental role – using these solutions, the entire construction workflow was highly efficient, such as the sharing of combined models using the same easy-to-use 3D environment to solve issues during the design phase. Trimble Connect was also integral in allowing the team to easily share 3D models and information amongst each other on mobile devices on the ZALO mobile chat platform.  Another new approach used was 3D RFI (Request for information), which enabled enhanced communication between Coteccons, the client and consultants for quicker and more precise decision-making. The end result speaks for itself. Landmark 81 is not only the pride of Vietnam but for Coteccons, it represents a testament to its competence and ability to engage in largescale complex construction projects on an international scale. The team is also steadfast in its belief that BIM and Tekla Software were key in making this project a success. Landmark 81 has won numerous awards, such as the ‘World’s Best Architecture’ award at the International Property Awards 2017 in London, and the ‘Best International Residential High-Rise Architecture’ and ‘Best Residential High-Rise Architecture Asia Pacific’ awards at the International Property Awards 2016. KEY BENEFITS OF TEKLA FOR COTECCONS Accurate Rebar Detailing, foreseeing clashes and ease of creating and managing 3D models in both concrete and steel. Seamless information exchange from concept and fabrication to final construction. Precise and accurate fabrication drawings can be derived from the data-rich constructible 3D models Improved workflow and collaboration due to open BIM approach PROJECT IN NUMBERS Total height:  461 meters Number of stories: 81 stories and 3 basements Total floor area: 241,000 sqm Structure: 16,000 sqm mat foundation at the core wall 17 reinforced concrete transferred beams at level 6 Composite structure for the vertical structure Construction period: 12/2014 – 4/2018   Article From: Trimble.com

While Tekla Structural Designer is perhaps most well-known amongst the construction industry for its steel capabilities, the design and structural analysis software is just as valuable for concrete; as we explore here. Multi-material design and analysis software So, you use Tekla Structural Designer for its steel capabilities? But did you know that it can also be used with concrete and timber structures? "Thanks to Tekla Structural Designer’s integration and multi-material capabilities, we were able to incorporate all structures into the one model, analysing it as a whole.”Clancy Consulting Whether it’s a steel-framed building with a concrete core and pad foundations, or a structure that features a combination of precast, cast-in-situ and steel, it’s important that you can consider all materials in the same digital 3D environment. Here, multi-material software can be immensely valuable, allowing users to design, consider and analyse both steel and concrete together. Clancy Consulting, a multi-discipline engineering firm, says: “Whereas we may have previously had different design packages for concrete and steel, Tekla Structural Designer can be used for both, allowing the correct stiffness relationship between the two to be easily assessed. “For example, we worked on a project with challenging site conditions where the three buildings had to be constructed in very different ways: one, was a 19-storey concrete-framed building on pad foundations; the second, a 12-storey steel-framed building on pile foundations; and the third, a seven-storey steel-framed building on raft foundations. Thanks to Tekla Structural Designer’s integration and multi-material capabilities, we were able to incorporate all structures into the one model, analysing it as a whole.” Design for concrete foundations With Tekla Structural Designer, you can easily complete foundation modelling and design in the one model, including a mixture of pad foundations, strip footings, mat foundations, pile caps and piles. Slab Deflection As well as its host of tools for steel construction, the software also offers advanced analysis tools developed specifically for concrete, including slab deflection analysis. Tekla Structural Designer follows the guidance in the Concrete Society’s Technical Report 58, relating to Eurocode 2. It utilises iterative crack section analysis of a sequentially loaded slab or structure to not only accurately estimate the whole life deflection, but also the deflection at various construction load stages of the engineer’s choice. The results of this complex analysis can be visualised as contours of total deflection at any load stage, differential deflection between any two stages, effective reinforcement and slab stiffness. The unique check lines feature also enables the rapid pass or fail recognition of the pre-set total or differential deflection limits, all of which can then be reported on at the touch of a button. Staged Construction Analysis Recognising the changing state of a structure over time, staged construction analysis is particularly relevant for taller concrete buildings, whereby the building is constructed in clear storey-based stages. Within Tekla Structural Designer, staged construction is made both simple and intuitive, with all concrete design codes taking into account staged construction analysis design forces. Transfer levels are loaded more realistically, axial deformations are reduced to give a more realistic assessment and deflection due to wind or other short term loading events is more accurately determined, enabling engineers to deliver an optimised design. Integration Tekla Structural Designer’s bi-directional interoperability with Tekla Structures and other design software suites, including Autodesk Revit, takes users from design & analysis to detailing with a streamlined flow of data. It offers a simplified process, with the ability to import IFCs, CAD files or DFX overlays into Tekla Structural Designer, complete the structural design and then export the model in the desired format for further detailing. Such a level of software integration also delivers substantial time savings, without having to duplicate your work in the two software suites. “Perhaps the most valuable benefit to us, is the speed. Through the intelligent link between Tekla Structural Designer and Revit, we can turn around design changes at a far quicker pace. To put this into real-life terms, whereas a design change may have previously taken us a couple of days to resolve, we are now able to model and analyse it in a matter of hours – a significant time saving. Rather than merely reacting to design changes, this practice enables us to instead proactively propose and explore a range of alternative design options.”**Clancy Consulting**   Article From: www.trimble.com

At the annual Architectus Design Charrette, designers from various disciplines, locations, and experience levels come together to take on a unique design challenge, exploring new ideas for renewing Australia’s cities. Steve Fox, Digital Practice Lead and Principal at leading Australasian architecture practice Architectus, chats with us about digital toolkits and a great user experience, adapting to clients’ technology needs, and how Forma offers the Architectus team a platform for design exploration and collaboration. Can you tell us more about Architectus and your approach?  Our practice combines expertise in every sector with a commitment to exceptional design. Through our collaborative ethos and insightful, human-centric approach, we design to make a positive and lasting impact on people, cities, and communities. With a recent merger with Conrad Gargett, as a unified force we are now one of Australasia’s largest and most diverse design firms, with more than 730 talented designers and specialists working across our nine Australian studios and three affiliated New Zealand studios. Unsurprisingly then, my approach in shaping solutions for the business is to consider scale, diversity of sectors, and most importantly the user experience of a digital toolkit. Can you tell us about your digital strategy and how this supports your ambitions as a practice?   Recognizing our vision and core business goals, I’m all about three main things: delivering projects, boosting our staff’s digital skills, and fostering innovation through systems development and research. We’re aiming to lead the industry with smart, creative ways to get projects done, and our awesome design technology team is here to make it happen!                                          Demonstrating Architectus’ insightful approach, Markham Avenue provides high-quality housing that is universally accessible, equitable, and socially sustainable. What do you look for when you’re testing new digital tools?  Apps should be user-friendly and easy to navigate for a great experience. Ideally, digital tools should work well with our existing systems. We really appreciate good customer support and a lively user community for troubleshooting. Most new tools are cloud-based, which raises concerns about data security and client confidentiality. That’s why we prefer apps that meet data security standards and offer local data hosting options. What challenges do you face today in using innovative new tools? Implementing a consistent digital toolkit on projects is our greatest challenge. Through digital transformation in AEC, projects often have unique technology requirements that require us to adapt to new tools with training, licence purchasing, security auditing, and data archiving back to our systems. Our clients are more engaged digitally than ever before, often establishing technology stack requirements on individual projects. Our teams need to be flexible and ready to adapt to client needs, choosing from a range of apps that often do similar things. Shopping for AEC applications is like being a kid in a candy shop – so many tempting options! And while we’re hooked on the idea of productivity, somehow we need to avoid a digital tummy ache and the hit to the back pocket. What made you curious to try Forma? Our interest was ignited by its potential to transform design into a more dynamic and collaborative process. Forma appeared to deliver more than just a basic suite of design tools; it offered a platform for design exploration.                                                                Comparing the wind impact of two design options for the waterside Collins Wharf residential development in Melbourne. What types of projects do you use Forma for? We’re in the early days of training and implementation but already projects are seeing benefits in the feasibility and concept stages. We expect it will grow to serve us across all our sectors and various scales from façade studies, to complex mixed-use developments, and right up to large urban scale planning. How do you use Forma within your existing toolsets and workflows? How do you connect Forma with other tools? It really comes down to what we’re aiming for. We upload hand sketches and trace them within Forma to create 3D data models. Our Dynamo gurus are exploring how to re-shape data outputs with these models. Thanks to the Forma integration, we’re diving into environmental testing on detailed Rhino models. We’re also kicking off some new projects packed with contextual and geo-positioning information to migrate into Revit. Plus, we’re making the most of our existing subscriptions in Forma, like using AI rendering through some innovative third-party extensions such as EvolveLAB Veras. Sun hours analysis in Forma on the Rhino model What are some of the benefits you’ve experienced from using Forma? In my view, Forma’s biggest strength is its role as a central platform for design, collaboration, and integration with other tools. That’s where we really see the most benefits beyond just the individual tools it offers. Can you share some examples of how using Forma helped you improve a design?  Typically, we use Forma to quickly iterate designs and explore better floor area outcomes. On the environmental side, we conduct massing studies and detailed studies in Forma to optimize design for solar and wind performance. For instance, on an education project, we proposed a campfire space by a riverbank known for its strong cross-winds. With Forma (image below), we were able to show our client a viable design solution that created a comfortable environment by incorporating a screen along the site.                                                                                  Adding a screen (right option) shelters the wind to create more comfort for students sitting at a campfire space. What about improving business outcomes?  With Forma, we have a chance to tackle our key strategic goal: delivering a consistent and streamlined digital user experience across projects. Design is at the core of our business, and Forma aligns perfectly with our commitment to design to make a positive and lasting impact on people, cities, and communities. What’s next in terms of your digital strategy and tools, and your ideal workflow in the future? Our team will continue to develop, test, integrate, and implement leading edge design tools including Forma.  We’re also keen on leveraging AI and machine learning to aid design decisions and automate repetitive tasks, allowing our talented designers to focus on creativity. As for the crystal ball question? Ultimately, we’d love software to be ubiquitous. Imagine workflows that no longer rely on moving data from one place to another, where file formats are no longer a constraint, they are simply consumed and can be transformed regardless of which tool created them. Exciting times ahead! All images courtesy of Architectus. Article From: www.autodesk.com

This project by Dlubal customer Shanghai Zhenyuan Timber Structure Design Engineering Co., Ltd. combines traditional craftsmanship of timber structures with contemporary architecture. Large spans, trusses, large cantilevers, and spacious passageways set new innovative standards. The community center in the Qingdao West Coast New Area consists of two monolithic structures as timber frame systems that blend harmoniously into the surroundings.     The selection of materials was of particular importance. The natural grain and warm feel of the European spruce wood used are in visual dialogue with the cool metal roofing tiles. In the structural analysis, the central columns of the lower steel framework posed a challenge for directly assigning length factors. Using the Structure Stability add-on for RFEM, an eigenvalue buckling analysis was performed. Thus, the effective length coefficients for the columns could be determined accurately, ensuring precise design. For the required design checks, the Steel Design and Timber Design add-ons were used. The template functions of RFEM were also perfectly suited to create comprehensive calculation reports with a single click. This interesting customer project is an excellent example of the applicability of Dlubal Software in modern timber and steel construction planning.   www.dlubal.com

The Conference and Exhibition Centre (COEX) at Dubai Expo 2020 is an architectural and engineering achievement, showcasing advanced structural design and innovative connection detailing. As one of the Expo’s central venues, it was conceived as a state-of-the-art space for global exhibitions, requiring a highly efficient steel framework. Tony Gee and Partners played a key role in designing the steel connection, ensuring the structure met the highest standards of safety, constructability, and aesthetics. About the project Spanning approximately 240 meters in length and 120 meters in width, the COEX Centre consists of multiple structural elements, including a vast exhibition hall, arrival plaza, concourse, and a steel canopy. The structural system is predominantly steel, designed to achieve a balance between lightweight efficiency and high load-bearing capacity. A major focus of the project was sustainability, as several steel components had been fabricated under an earlier contract and were repurposed to minimize material waste. This required a careful assessment of the pre-existing fabricated elements and their integration into the new design, ensuring compatibility with modern engineering requirements.   Given the complexity and scale of the project, the structural design had to accommodate various constraints, including connection design and optimization. The challenge was not only to design structurally sound connections but also to ensure that the connections were straightforward to manufacture and assemble, supporting an accelerated construction timeline. Engineering Challenges The COEX project presented multiple engineering challenges, particularly in the design of the steel connections. The structural framework had to support significant axial forces while maintaining efficiency in material usage. One of the most demanding aspects was the design of the main truss connections to the supporting columns. These connections needed to achieve full member capacity while remaining pinned, preventing the transfer of bending moments. This required precise detailing to ensure that axial forces were properly managed without introducing unwanted stiffness into the structure.   Another challenge was the integration of previously fabricated steel members into the new design. Part of Tony Gee and Partners' scope was primarily focused on assessing the connections of these pre-existing elements to ensure their structural adequacy for the new design intent. As these components were originally manufactured for a different purpose, they required a thorough evaluation, and if their capacity was found inadequate to carry the new design loads, the connections had to be redesigned in a cost-effective manner, retaining as much of the existing connection elements as possible. The variability in these elements added complexity to the task, requiring advanced analysis methods to confirm the overall structural performance. ,,While the design should prioritize cost-efficiency, the contractor has emphasized that the connections should be optimized for ease of fabrication. This approach ensures that the connections are straightforward to manufacture and assemble, facilitating a smoother construction process''. Shatha Abuhattab Structural Engineer – Tony Gee and Partners The roof bracing connections and arrival plaza truss-end connections also required careful attention. These elements had to accommodate dynamic loading conditions while remaining efficient to fabricate. The design had to strike a balance between strength, durability, and ease of assembly, all while aligning with the project’s architectural vision. Solutions and Results To address the challenges of designing and optimizing the steel connections, Tony Gee and Partners employed IDEA StatiCa Connection. Its ability to perform detailed stress evaluations and model complex interactions between steel components allowed the engineering team to refine connection designs with a high degree of accuracy. By simulating real-world loading conditions, they could identify potential weaknesses and optimize the geometry for maximum efficiency. ,,Using IDEA StatiCa’s modelling tools, we were able to test various design options. The software allowed us to visualize the connection's performance, create detailed sketches, and produce comprehensive reports quickly.'' Shatha Abuhattab Structural Engineer – Tony Gee and Partners The main truss-to-column connections were among the most critical elements analyzed using the Connection app. These connections were modeled in 3D to assess their ability to sustain axial forces while maintaining the required pinned behavior. The software enabled the team to run geometrically linear analysis with material and contact nonlinearities, providing a clear understanding of stress distribution and deformation. Additionally, Eigenvalue analysis was performed to evaluate potential buckling risks, ensuring that the connections met all performance criteria. ,,The design of the main truss connections to the columns was one of the most demanding aspects of the project. As per project requirements, the main truss connection was required to achieve full member capacity, while ensuring the connection remains pinned. The connection had to be detailed to resist substantial axial forces, preserving its pinned behaviour to prevent any moments from being transferred to the member.'' Shatha Abuhattab Structural Engineer – Tony Gee and Partners   For the previously fabricated steel members, Connection was used to assess different connection configurations, ensuring they could be effectively integrated into the new design. The analysis helped determine whether modifications were needed and how the repurposed elements could be optimized to align with the project’s structural requirements. This approach minimized material waste while maintaining structural reliability. The design process was further simplified through IDEA StatiCa’s integration with CAD software. The ability to export 3D models and generate 2D sketches facilitated clear communication between engineering and drafting teams, reducing the risk of errors and improving construction efficiency. This integration ensured that the final connection designs were both practical to manufacture and easy to assemble on-site. The use of advanced analysis tools ultimately enabled the successful execution of the COEX Centre’s steel framework. The optimized connection designs not only met structural performance requirements but also contributed to a visually cohesive architectural aesthetic. The powerful integration of engineering and design ensured that the COEX Centre remained both a functional and iconic structure, demonstrating excellence in modern steel construction. Through a combination of engineering expertise and cutting-edge software tools, Tony Gee and Partners successfully delivered a steel framework that met the highest standards of safety, efficiency, and architectural refinement. The COEX Centre stands as a testament to the power of precision engineering and the role of innovative digital solutions in modern structural design..   Article from: www.ideastatica.com

One of the world's longest timber bridges is in Anaklia, a climatic spa town on the eastern shore of the Black Sea. The bridge connects the hotel and port area with a coastal area used for tourism. Planning and Prefabrication in Germany A steel bridge construction would have considerably overrun the budget, which is why a more economical solution using timber was found. The engineering office of Leonhardt, Andrä and Partner (LAP) from Stuttgart, Germany, in cooperation with the Bavarian glulam manufacturer HESS TIMBER, planned the constructed multi‑span bridge made of truss girders with a triangular cross‑section. LAP also did the structural analysis. Fast + Epp, a customer of Dlubal Software, was responsible for the structural analysis of the timber structure, and used RFEM for testing purposes with regard to the internal forces and design of the timber structure. Structure Near its center, the bridge's structural system is divided into two sections to reduce the effects due to restraint occurring in the longitudinal direction. The first bridge section consists of a continuous beam system; the second is additionally guyed by a steel pylon due to the larger spans. The bridge's cross-section is formed by a spatial truss system made of glued-laminated timber with two truss girders inclined laterally by 45° as well as transverse beams that are planked with wood-based panels. In addition to their function as boards on which pedestrians can walk, the Kerto‑Q plates serve as a horizontal stiffener. The glulam components within the truss were connected by means of dowel connections and slotted sheets, also dimensioned by Fast + Epp. Moreover, a glue fixing method patented by HESS TIMBER was used onsite. This made it possible to reduce the glued-laminated timber parts to a maximum length of 13.5 m (44.2 ft) so that expensive special transportation could be avoided. Article From: www.dlubal.com

Interoperability is the ability of different systems, software, or components to work together and interact towards mutually beneficial goals. It ensures that technologies can communicate effectively and exist together, which is important for efficiency and productivity by streamlining processes and saving time and resources. In the innovation field interoperability allows developers to build on existing systems and integrate new technologies. Also, with Interoperability, organizations have opportunity for cost reduction by reusing existing systems and avoiding custom-built solutions.   Challenges in Achieving Interoperability The main challenges in achieving primarily comes from differences in data formats, standards, and protocols used by various software applications  Diverse Software Ecosystem: The AEC industry relies on a wide range of software applications, each with its own proprietary data formats and standards. Integrating data between these systems can be complex and time-consuming.  Lack of Standardization: Despite efforts to establish industry standards like IFC (Industry Foundation Classes), there is still a lack of universal adoption.  Legacy Systems: Many organizations still use legacy software that may not support modern interoperability standards, or it is not compatible with newer BIM technologies. Integrating these systems with more advanced software can be challenging.  Data Complexity: BIM models contain vast amounts of complex data, including geometric information, properties, relationships, and metadata. Ensuring consistent interpretation and exchange of this data across different systems is a significant challenge.  Workflow Misalignment: Each stakeholder in the construction process may use different software tools and workflows. Aligning workflows and integrating data is critical for achieving interoperability.  Security and Privacy: Ensuring that data remains secure and private during interoperable exchanges is a constant concern.  Cost and Resource Constraints: Implementing interoperable solutions often requires investment in technology, training, and infrastructure.   Software interoperability Software interoperability refers to the ability of software solutions to communicate seamlessly and efficiently with each other, enabling smooth data exchange and interaction without the need for specialized IT support or user knowledge in writing codes. Nowadays, when there are numerous applications and platforms, it is crucial to ensure that systems can talk between each other and ensure more collaborative and effective work. For sure, interoperable software accelerates the flow of information, allowing for faster data acquisition from multiple sources and swift adaptation to evolving requirements.  In the AEC Industry, where multiple software applications and tools are used throughout the project lifecycle (project management, documentation management, project design, simulations, visualizations, clash detection, etc.), interoperability is important. The main challenges in achieving software interoperability include using different file formats, data standards, and communication protocols.   Standardized file formats, like IFC is (Industry Foundation Classes file format), have a crucial role in facilitating interoperability in the AEC industry. The IFC file format is an open and neutral data format for the exchange of BIM models. Developed by buildingSMART, IFC files store detailed information about building elements, as well as their properties, relationships, and geometric representations. IFC files enable interoperability between different BIM software applications, allowing project stakeholders to exchange and collaborate on building models regardless of the software they use.  Effective communication protocols are also important for collaboration, data exchange and interoperability in the AEC. BCF stands for BIM Collaboration Format. It’s a file format used for exchanging comments and issues between different BIM (Building Information Modeling) software platforms. BCF files contain information about the location of the issue in the model, a description of the problem, and possibly attachments such as screenshots or documents. This format enables smoother collaboration and communication among project stakeholders by allowing them to share feedback and resolve issues more effectively within the BIM environment. COBie stands for Construction Operations Building Information Exchange. It’s a standard format for exchanging building information during a project’s design and construction phases. COBie defines a structured way to organize and exchange data about a building’s components, systems, and spaces in a spreadsheet format. This information includes details such as equipment lists, product specifications, maintenance schedules, and warranty information. COBie facilitates the transfer of building information from the design and construction teams to the building owner or operator, enabling more efficient facility management and maintenance processes throughout the building’s lifecycle.  Also, BIM Software providers use Open API (Application Programming Interface). Open API allows third-party developers to integrate BIM software with other applications, automate workflows, and develop custom tools and plugins that enhance the capabilities of BIM platforms. By providing access to BIM data and functionalities through API, software vendors promote interoperability, collaboration, and innovation within the BIM ecosystem. Overall, Open API empowers developers to create tailored solutions that address the specific needs and challenges of software users. Article from: www.bexelmanager.com

Many iconic projects have been completed globally, adopting the Tekla Structures software. One such project is the Wembley Stadium, which – with a seating capacity of 90,000 – is now the largest football stadium in the world, with every seat under cover. After the modeling and drawing, report and CNC production phases, Tekla Structures was used as an analysis tool, examining the different construction stages of the project, utilizing data imported from Excel, and then visually indicating the progress of activities. Wembley Stadium is situated in the London Borough of Brent to the North West of central London. During the rebuilding project, the famous twin towers of the original Wembley stadium were replaced with a spectacular 133 meter high arch, which towers over the 52 meter high stadium. As well as contributing to the stadium's aesthetics, the arch is an integral part of the stadium’s roof support structure. The stadium’s geometry and its steeply raked seating tiers ensure that everyone has an unobstructed view to the pitch. The stadium has been designed to maximize spectator comfort, providing improved leg-room for all fans, better view of the action, wider seats, and a new concourse wrapping around the building that will allow easy circulation. The front façade still follows the profile of the original stadium with a Banqueting Hall and circulation spaces. World's largest football stadium The re-built Wembley Stadium is the tallest stadium in the world, and with a seating capacity of 90,000, it is also the second largest stadium in Europe and the world’s largest football (soccer) stadium with every seat under cover. In order to capture the atmosphere during the football and rugby games, the stadium has been designed with seats as close to the pitch as possible. The arch supports the world’s largest single span roof structure, removing the need for columns which would obscure the spectators’ view. The southern roof can be retracted to allow air and light onto the pitch and also to prevent shadows falling onto the viewing area, which improves the quality of the television broadcasts. Wembley Stadium is the world’s only stadium to include an aircraft warning beacon and encompasses additional sporting potential to host athletic track and field competitions, for which an elevated running track, supported by columns, can be installed above the pitch and over the first few rows of seats. From 160 phase models to a single BIM The stadium's construction used 215,000 tons of concrete and approximately 23,000 tons of steel. The foundations of the stadium are 35 meters deep. During the design phase, the physical model for the project was split into four main categories being the Arch, Bowl, Parametric Perimeter Truss (PPT), and Roof. These models were subsequently split into 160 phase models before being brought back into a single building information model (BIM) at the end of the project. The main grid had approximately 2,500 intersection points accurately calculated to eight decimal places of a millimeter. The 3D coordinates were then distributed to other contractors for their purposes of setting out. After the modeling and drawing, report, and CNC production phases, which were all completed by Oakwood Engineering, Tekla Structures was used as an analysis tool, examining the different stages of the project, utilizing data imported from Excel, and then visually indicating the progress of different activities. With a diameter of 7.4 meters and a span of 315 meters, the fully welded arch is pitched at 112 degrees, weighs 1,700 tons, and includes 41 steel diaphragms. The arch supports the whole of the north roof and 60% of the south roof and is the longest single-span roof structure in the world and was fabricated in 21 meter long, 100 ton sections, and then brought to site for assembly at ground level. Once complete, the whole arch was rotated into its final position using strand jacks. The bowl consists of 15,000 tons of structural steelwork, and no vertical supports were allowed over the main terracing area to allow unobstructed views for the spectators. The PPT acts as the main diaphragm at the top of the bowl, weighs 1,400 tons, and is used to transfer the loads from the roof and arch into the bowl structure. The roof is supported by the lattice arch with an asymmetric catenary cable net and stayed trusses spanning 220 meters across the stadium bowl. A circumferential double compression ring around the upper terrace anchors the supporting cables and transmits horizontal loads around to tripod shear legs. The north roof is tied to the arch with cables, and the east, south and west roofs have retractable edge panels to allow sunlight to shine onto the pitch. Two forms of the roof had to be produced to model in the dead loading and member preset positions. The roof was erected onto 6,000 tons of temporary towers, which were removed when the supporting tensile loads were applied to the arch cables. Article From: www.trimble.com

The iconic Museum of the Future will serve as an exhibition space for innovative and futuristic concepts, services, and products. The space will also include science labs, restaurants, and an auditorium. The impressive project by steel fabricator Eversendai L.L.C. cleaned up the table in 2018 Tekla Global BIM Awards. The project won the title of Best Public Category project, the Best BIM Project and the Online Voting. Project scope Eversendai oversaw the project’s BIM implementation and coordination, connection design, shop drawings, erection engineering study and stage analysis, workshop fabrication drawings, supply, fabrication and erection of structural steel works. With the power of BIM, Eversendai were able to successfully handle all of these responsibilities efficiently, accurately and on time. The challenge of complex geometry The Museum of the Future is one of the world’s most complex construction projects. A concrete structure from the basement to the top supports a steel diagrid structure up to Level 7, with composite concrete floor slabs. This design approach allows a column-free interior space but requires a number of different and uniquely challenging elements within the building's steelwork. Eversendai faced the challenge of designing the structure’s complex connections based on tabulated data issued by the design team. Given the sheer complexity of the design, the team had 12 structural models in total, for which they created envelope cases for the connection loads. This meant an enormous amount of data and load combinations needed to be considered during the connection design phase. The data were analyzed in a number of configurations, using FEM design to determine whether or not stiffeners were required, as well as the sequence for the welding of the nodes in order to transfer the forces. In the end, the connections were designed without punch plates to look like garlands of jasmine. What’s more, the podium link bridge not only needed to be able to restrain the top of the double helix feature stair, but it needed to be able to be fabricated. Transportation and site restrictions due to the busy site location, as well as lift capacities that required welded site splices, added to the challenge. BIM was crucial in identifying and resolving clashes Due to the Museum of the Future’s complex geometry and precise interface requirements with various trades, BIM implementation was vital. Eversendai was able to successfully complete the structure by using Tekla software to design, fabricate, and coordinate processes. They used Trimble Connect extensively to identify clashes with other trades, such as roofing, facade, MEP and RCC contractors and were able to resolve the clashes in the design phase itself. “The Tekla Structures is a potent tool behind the success of our Museum of Future Project due to its powerful 3D modeling capabilities and flexibility to open API options that gave us a large scope to explore and develop routines to do modeling and detailing accurately in a relatively short time with a high degree of precision. Considering the complex geometry as well as the intricate shape of the structure and also provision of multi-staged construction pre-set requirements of CMES Analysis, the Tekla Structures had played a vital role in concluding the Engineering and Detailing activities within the project deadlines. The BIM management with Tekla software boosted the project’s efficiency, accuracy and time management. Tekla BIMsight was also extensively used to identify the clashes with other trades, which allowed us to effectively deal with the problems before the fabrication stage, that saved us a substantial amount of time and resources”. - Sreenivasa Rao Vipparla, General Manager | Design & Engineering – ME, UK & CIS, Eversendai Engineering L.L.C Article from: www.trimble.com

During this hands-on workshop, 36 engineers, divided into 6 teams, tackled two challenging connection designs. Each team was tasked with designing a steel connection, focusing on both structural performance and practical feasibility. The teams consisted of structural engineers from engineering firms and steel fabricators, and each was guided by an experienced connection designer. After the groups presented their designs, we from IDEA StatiCa had the opportunity to model the connections with the Connection application. That way, we were able to analyze the results immediately and discuss them together. We explain the designs and results in more detail below. The article is divided into two parts, one for each steel connection design challenge. 1 - Design a complex column-beam connection with edge beams In the first design challenge, we focused on a joint connecting four members. The internal forces and profiles made this a challenging design task, as shown by the variety of solutions: each of the six teams took a different approach. This is exactly what makes this profession so fascinating: there is never one right solution. The biggest challenge arose with the connection of the edge beams. Two rectangular hollow sections (180/180/6) had to be connected to a column (HEA160) or main beam (IPE400). Combined with the imposed loads, this created a difficult design situation. Below is an overview of the connections, sketches and models worked out in the steel connection software IDEA StatiCa. We then discuss each connection and highlight key insights from the discussions and results. Group A Group A chose to extend the column and connect the girder beam (IPE400) with an endplate. The challenge was mainly in connecting the RHS edge beams to the HEA160 column. For this, a gusset plate connection with two M36 bolts was proposed. When modeling in IDEA StatiCa, however, it quickly became apparent that there was insufficient space for this bolt size. As the experts during the workshop emphasized, it is essential to draw to scale to understand the manufacturability of a connection. Instead of a direct welded connection, the group chose to extend the connecting plate through a slot in the column web to better transfer forces and reduce stresses in the column web. When calculating the connection in IDEA StatiCa, large plastic strains arise in the connection of the edge beams. Due to the high axial compressive force of 400 kN in the edge beams and an eccentricity in the gusset plate, a bending moment occurs in the connection. Using a finite element analysis tool like IDEA StatiCa, this quickly becomes visible through the deformations that occur. By increasing the plate thicknesses, the connection can meet the requirements. With a continuous 35 mm plate and 2x M33 8.8 bolts, sufficient strength and rigidity is achieved. Although the solution is satisfactory, avoiding the eccentricity is worth considering and probably more structurally efficient. Group B Group B had a similar connection, but here the main beam was extended. Choosing a symmetrical connection of the square hollow section (SHS) beams avoids the additional bending moment. With the prescribed plate thicknesses, the plastic strain is just under 5% limit. By thickening the plates and providing sufficient welds, the combination of axial compression and horizontal shear can be resisted, keeping the plastic strain below 5%. Only the bolts are still not satisfactory when using 4x M24 8.8. However, simply reinforcing the bolts does not solve the problem because the code-check is limited by the bearing resistance. An alternative solution is to increasethe steel grade of the connection plates to S355. This allows optimal results to be achieved with only minimal increases in plate thickness and bolt size. Group C Group C has a similar connection, but unlike groups A and B, it is more suitable for horizontal loading because the gusset plate is rotated a quarter turn. We are again dealing with an eccentricity and encounter the same problems as in Group A. The use of four bolts instead of two makes the joint stiffer, but we still see high plastic strain and deformation. Welding the gusset plate to the stiffener and increasing the plate thicknesses help make the joint stiffer, but eccentricity will always be present. By increasing the plate thicknesses from 15 mm to 30 mm, the joint can meet the design requirements with 4x M24 8.8 bolts. This type of joint functions most safely without eccentricities. If an eccentricity is unavoidable due to practical reasons, the connection will be especially suitable for transferring a transverse force in one direction, in the direction where the connection is stiffest. The combination of an eccentricity with large normal compressive force and a transverse force in the weak direction of the connection will cause the member to bend out and risk buckling. Buckling analysis To properly assess this risk, it makes sense to perform an additional buckling analysis. With IDEA StatiCa, a linear buckling analysis can be performed, which shows that for plates with insufficient thickness, a buckling shape resembling global buckling may occur. Based on the corresponding buckling factor, this can be interpreted as a buckling failure. More information about this and how IDEA StatiCa performs linear buckling analysis can be found in the following article Global buckling vs. local buckling. What does it mean? Group D Group D takes a different approach and the problems seen in the first three groups are directly avoided by continuing the edge beams.The IPE400 is connected to the partially continuous column with an endplate and to the edge beam with a small lip plate. The results show that the connection performs constructively well and the forces are efficiently transmitted. Since it is a shear connection, the group recommends using a slotted hole in the fin plate to prevent excessive force from being transmitted through the bolt during beam rotation. This avoids high stresses in the lip plate and rectangular hollow section wall. This design consideration also affects the rotational stiffness of the joint. Stiffness analysis To determine the exact stiffness of the joint, stiffness analysis can be performed with IDEA StatiCa. The moment-rotation diagram is generated and based on the Eurocode, the joint can be classified as fully rigid, semi-rigid, or pinned. Analyzing the connection of the roof girder for Group D, IDEA StatiCa gives a rotational stiffness that is considered Semi-rigid. This stiffness can be represented in the global structural model using a rotational spring stiffness. However, if a simple connection is required, the detail must be modified so that the connection is actually classified as Pinned. As shown in the figure below, in situation (2) a hinge has been realized by lowering the top bolt row. Group E Group E extended the roof beam and placed it on top of the column. The edge beams were attached to the roof girder with end plates, ensuring that the forces are properly transmitted in the joint. To allow for the assembly of the bolts, the group proposed a cutout in the hollow section wall. A thoughtful solution, since practicality is a major concern. The cut creates a different stress distribution in the notch, but by applying a round cutout, stress concentrations remain limited. Group F As we have seen, the connection of the edge beams creates design challenges. Group F solves these by replacing the edge beams with HEA160 sections. This makes it easier to connect the beams to the column, and provides sufficient space for mounting the bolts. The connection performs well under compression, and the endplates efficiently channel the forces through the column. However, the edge beams can also come under a tensile load of 400 kN. In this load case, the connection is not satisfactory. By increasing the thickness of the endplates from 15 mm to 20 mm, the strength requirements are met and the connection is suitable for tensile and compressive loads. Connection Library Not sure how to model a specific steel joint? The Connection Library in IDEA StatiCa gives you instant access to dozens of practical examples, helping you find the right solution faster. It's a valuable resource that many structural engineers use as inspiration when designing steel connections. 2 - Design a column baseplate connection with bracing The second design challenge involves a column baseplate connection. The diagonal bracing can be made in three different profiles and is loaded with a compressive force of 500 kN. The column itself experiences a significant compressive force of 2000 kN. The focus is on the connection between the diagonal and the column, as well as the design of the base plate, including anchors and the foundation. Based on the submitted sketches and presentations, the connections were modeled and analyzed in IDEA StatiCa. Once again, this design shows that multiple connection solutions are possible: there is no single correct answer. Below, we present an overview of the different designs, including the results from IDEA StatiCa. We then discuss the main design considerations, addressing the groups collectively rather than individually. Connection brace to column For the connection of the brace, three groups (A, C, E)chose an endplate with stub connection, and the other three groups (B, D, F)chose a gusset plate with bolt connection. The Stub connection design provides direct transfer of compressive force without complications in the connection. By opting for an HEA profile, bolt assembly is easily feasible and the web of the diagonal member is aligned with the web of the column. As a result, the stresses are well transmitted into the column, as seen in the solutions of groups A, C and E (see figure). In contrast, Groups B, D and F chose a Gusset plate connection. This considered rotating the column a quarter turn so that the brace can be connected inside the column without taking up too much space. However, in that case, the gusset plate is connected directly, but transversely, to the web of the column, and due to the high compressive forces, peak stresses can then occur in the web of the column. The calculations in IDEA StatiCa show that the design is just within acceptable limits, but the structural engineer should remain cautious. If the web starts to deform plastically, it is advisable to rotate the column, increase the web thickness, or add stiffeners. In the designs with the gusset plate connection, it is advantageous to make the connection symmetrical and not let the plates protrude too far, for the same reasons we discussed in the first design challenge. Connection B features an asymmetrical layout, but the 20 mm thick plate and the use of six bolts effectively resist the resulting moment, keeping stresses within acceptable limits. Column base plate design There are also important considerations in the design of the baseplate and concrete foundation. Due to the high compressive forces, it is crucial that the stresses are well distributed through the baseplate into the concrete. This can be achieved by choosing a thicker plate and making it wider than the column profile so that the stresses are better distributed. The figure below compares the stresses in the baseplate and the contact stresses in the concrete for a baseplate 40 mm and 10 mm thick. If the base plate is too thin, stresses concentrate around the column profile instead of being effectively distributed. As a result, the effective contact area on the concrete becomes too small, leading to compressive stresses that exceed the permissible limit. Column foundation We see different foundation solutions, with or without mortar joint, and anchors with or without washer plates. The anchors used range from M20 to M30. The calculations in IDEA StatiCa show that none of the connections are satisfactory for checking the anchors. As a default, the shear forces are set to be transmitted through the anchors. M20 anchors are found to be insufficiently strong and cannot withstand the shear forces. In contrast, anchors M30 8.8, in combination with a washer plate, are sufficiently strong to transfer the shear forces. Nevertheless, the code-check is still not satisfactory, because the problem is now not in the steel, but in the failure of the concrete. The shear forces on the anchors cause edge failure of the concrete, with the anchors breaking out of the concrete. IDEA StatiCa Connection calculates with unreinforced concrete, so concrete failure at higher forces is unavoidable. If the forces cannot be reduced, four possible solutions remain. Optimize shear force transfer by adding a shear lug. This way, all shear is transferred by the shear key and the failure of the anchors and concrete breakout is avoided. Transfer shear forces through friction rather than through the anchors. The high compressive force in the column provides sufficient frictional resistance. Modify the concrete block. By increasing the edge distance or concrete class, the concrete is less likely to breakout. Design Supplementary Reinforcement in the concrete block. In this way, the steel reinforcement resists tensile forces and prevents concrete breakout. This solution can be modeled and analyzed using IDEA StatiCa 3D Detail. As shown in the designers’ sketches, only Group E included reinforcement in their design. By adding steel reinforcement to the concrete element, failure mechanisms such as concrete cone breakout and concrete edge failure can be prevented. Final word The steel connections are designed by 6 groups, modeled in IDEA StatiCa and discussed with experienced structural engineers. Using IDEA StatiCa, we were able to analyze the results in detail and identify and discuss important design considerations. This workshop shows that many connections can be designed in an infinite number of ways and that there is never one correct solution. We experienced the importance of drawing to scale and following the path of forces in the connection. Analyzing the stiffnesses and visualizing how the joint will deform is a good thought experiment to understand how a joint will behave. "Imagination is more important than knowledge" a man named Albert Einstein once said. And that certainly applies to steel connection design as well. Anyone who can imagine what a joint looks like, how it will be made, whether the proportions are right, how the forces will flow and how the connection will deform is already one step closer to becoming the best steel connection designer.   Article from: www.ideastatica.com